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US State

Ohio — State Seal and Flag


Ohio holds a unique distinction in American vexillology: it is the only US state whose flag is not rectangular. The Ohio Burgee, designed by Cleveland architect John Eisenmann for the 1901 Pan-American Exposition and adopted on 9 May 1902, is a swallowtail pennant in red, white, and blue, with 17 stars and a white “O” with a red center. The Great Seal, adopted in 1803, depicts a sunrise over Mount Logan and the Scioto River — the view from Adena, the estate of founding father Thomas Worthington — with a sheaf of wheat and a bundle of arrows symbolizing Ohio as the 17th state.

Quick Facts

StateOhio (17th state, admitted 1 March 1803)
State sealSunrise over Mount Logan/Scioto River, wheat, arrows, cultivated fields
Seal adopted1803; standardized 1967; modified 1996
State flagSwallowtail burgee, red/white/blue, 17 stars, white O with red center
Flag designerJohn Eisenmann (Cleveland architect)
Flag adopted9 May 1902
Motto“With God, All Things Are Possible”
CapitalColumbus
NicknameThe Buckeye State
State flowerScarlet carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)
Unique distinctionOnly non-rectangular US state flag
Great Seal of Ohio — sunrise over Mount Logan and Scioto River, wheat, arrows

Great Seal of OhioSunrise over Chillicothe — since 1803

Great Seal of Ohio

The Ohio seal captures a specific real-world view — the sunrise over Mount Logan and the Scioto River as seen from the Adena estate near Chillicothe, Ohio’s first capital.

Design

A sun rises over a range of hills (including Mount Logan), with the Scioto River flowing between the hills and cultivated fields in the foreground. On the right, a sheaf of wheat represents agriculture. On the left, a bundle of arrows (originally 17, representing Ohio as the 17th state). The sun originally had 17 rays, changed to 13 in 1996 to represent the original colonies.

History

The seal was designed by Secretary of State William Creighton Jr. and adopted in 1803. It was standardized by the General Assembly in 1967 and last modified on 20 November 1996.

The motto

Ohio’s state motto, “With God, All Things Are Possible” (from Matthew 19:26), sometimes appears with the seal but is not part of the seal’s official design.

Flag of Ohio (Ohio Burgee) — swallowtail pennant, 17 stars, white O with red center

Flag of Ohio (Ohio Burgee)The only non-rectangular US state flag, adopted 1902

Flag of Ohio

The Ohio Burgee is one of the most distinctive flags in the world — the only non-rectangular state flag in the United States.

John Eisenmann (1901–1902)

Cleveland architect John Eisenmann was chosen to design the Ohio Building for the 1901 Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. Because Ohio had no state flag, Eisenmann designed one — possibly inspired by Civil War cavalry guidons — and registered it with the US Patent Office. The flag was officially adopted on 9 May 1902.

The swallowtail burgee

The flag is a swallowtail burgee — a pennant shape with a V-shaped cutout at the fly end, giving it two points instead of a straight edge. This shape is unique among all 50 state flags.

Symbolism

  • White O with red center — the letter “O” for Ohio, and a reference to the buckeye nut (the state’s nickname source).
  • 17 stars — 13 around the O (original colonies) + 4 at the apex of the blue triangle = 17 (Ohio as the 17th state).
  • Red and white stripes — Ohio’s roads and waterways.
  • Blue triangle — Ohio’s hills and valleys.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is on the Ohio state seal?

Sunrise over Mount Logan and the Scioto River, a sheaf of wheat, and a bundle of arrows. Designed by William Creighton Jr., adopted 1803, modified 1996.

Why is Ohio’s flag not rectangular?

It is a swallowtail burgee — a pennant shape with a V-shaped cutout. Designed by John Eisenmann in 1901 for the Pan-American Exposition. It is the only non-rectangular US state flag.

What does the O on the Ohio flag represent?

The white circle with red center forms the letter “O” for Ohio and evokes the buckeye nut.

What do the 17 stars mean?

13 stars around the O = original colonies. 4 stars at the apex = Ohio as the 17th state (total 17).

Who designed the Ohio flag?

Cleveland architect John Eisenmann, for the 1901 Pan-American Exposition. Adopted 9 May 1902.

Sources & Further Reading

  • Ohio History Connection. Eisenmann’s Flag. ohiohistory.org.
  • Ohio Memory. A Swallowtail What? The History of Ohio’s State Flag. ohiomemory.ohiohistory.org.
  • Ohio Magazine. Ohio Adopts the Swallow-Tail Burgee as its Flag. ohiomagazine.com.
  • Smith, Whitney. Flags Through the Ages and Across the World. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975.
  • Ohio Revised Code, §§ 5.01–5.06 (seal and flag).

Last reviewed by the Emblema Mundi editorial team on 2026-06-27.

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