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US State

Michigan — State Seal and Flag


Michigan’s state emblems are remarkable for carrying three separate Latin mottos — more than any other US state. The Great Seal, designed by Lewis Cass (Michigan’s second territorial governor) and adopted on 2 June 1835, depicts the sun rising over a Great Lakes peninsula, a man with a raised hand of peace and a rifle, flanked by an elk and a moose (borrowed from the Hudson’s Bay Company coat of arms), with a bald eagle as crest. The mottos — E Pluribus Unum, Tuebor (“I will defend”), and Si Quaeris Peninsulam Amoenam Circumspice (“If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you”) — speak to the state’s frontier identity on the national boundary. The flag, adopted on 1 August 1911, places the coat of arms on a dark blue field.

Quick Facts

StateMichigan (26th state, admitted 26 January 1837)
State sealShield with sunrise over peninsula, man with rifle; elk, moose, eagle
Seal designerLewis Cass (territorial governor)
Seal adopted2 June 1835; current form 1911
State flagDark blue field with coat of arms
Flag adopted1 August 1911 (third state flag)
MottosE Pluribus UnumTueborSi Quaeris Peninsulam Amoenam Circumspice
CapitalLansing
NicknameThe Great Lakes State; The Wolverine State
State flowerApple blossom (Malus domestica)
Great Seal of Michigan — shield with sunrise over peninsula, elk and moose supporters, eagle crest, three Latin mottos

Great Seal of MichiganTuebor — Si Quaeris Peninsulam Amoenam Circumspice — since 1835

Great Seal of Michigan

The Michigan seal is one of the most heraldically complex in the nation, with three Latin mottos, two large animal supporters, and imagery rooted in the fur trade and the War of 1812.

Design

A dark blue shield shows the sun rising over a lake and peninsula. In the foreground, a man raises one hand in peace while holding a long gun in the other — representing readiness to defend the state and nation. An elk stands on the left and a moose on the right as heraldic supporters. Above, a bald eagle serves as the crest, holding an olive branch and arrows.

The three mottos

  • E Pluribus Unum (“Out of many, one”) — on a red ribbon above the shield, the national motto of the United States.
  • Tuebor (“I will defend”) — inscribed on the shield, emphasizing Michigan’s position on the national boundary with Canada.
  • Si Quaeris Peninsulam Amoenam Circumspice (“If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you”) — on a white ribbon below, the official state motto. It echoes the epitaph of Sir Christopher Wren in St Paul’s Cathedral, London.

Lewis Cass and the Hudson’s Bay Company

The seal was designed by Lewis Cass, Michigan’s second territorial governor, and presented to the Constitutional Convention of 1835. The elk and moose were adapted from the Hudson’s Bay Company coat of arms, reflecting Michigan’s deep roots in the fur trade and the historical rivalry with Britain for influence in the Great Lakes region.

Adoption

The seal was adopted on 2 June 1835. The current coat of arms was standardized by the Legislature in 1911.

Flag of Michigan — dark blue field with coat of arms: elk, moose, eagle, three mottos

Flag of MichiganCoat of arms on dark blue, adopted 1911

Flag of Michigan

The Michigan flag is the state’s third, adopted for the 75th anniversary of statehood.

Design

The dark blue field bears the full state coat of arms at center — shield, elk, moose, eagle, and all three Latin mottos.

Previous flags

Michigan’s first flag featured the governor’s coat of arms on one side and the United States arms on the reverse. The second flag, adopted in 1865, placed Michigan’s coat of arms on a blue field with the US coat of arms on the reverse.

Adoption (1911)

The current flag was adopted on 1 August 1911, as Michigan approached its 75th anniversary. It simplified the design to a single side — the coat of arms on dark blue — and has remained unchanged since.

Flag month

Michigan has an official flag month running from 14 June through 14 July.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is on the Michigan state seal?

A blue shield with the sun rising over a lake and peninsula, a man with raised hand and rifle. Elk and moose as supporters, bald eagle as crest. Three Latin mottos: E Pluribus Unum, Tuebor, and Si Quaeris Peninsulam Amoenam Circumspice. Designed by Lewis Cass, adopted 2 June 1835.

What does Si Quaeris Peninsulam Amoenam Circumspice mean?

Latin for “If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you.” Michigan’s official state motto, referring to the two great peninsulas surrounded by the Great Lakes. It echoes the epitaph of Sir Christopher Wren in St Paul’s Cathedral.

What does Tuebor mean?

Tuebor is Latin for “I will defend.” It emphasizes Michigan’s position on the national boundary with Canada and the state’s readiness to defend itself — a concern dating to the War of 1812.

Why are there an elk and a moose on the Michigan seal?

They are derived from the Hudson’s Bay Company coat of arms, reflecting Michigan’s roots in the fur trade and its rivalry with Britain in the Great Lakes region. Both animals were native to Michigan.

When was the Michigan flag adopted?

The current flag was adopted on 1 August 1911, Michigan’s third state flag. It displays the coat of arms on a dark blue field.

Sources & Further Reading

  • Michigan Secretary of State. History of the Great Seal and Coat of Arms. michigan.gov.
  • State of Michigan. State Facts and Symbols. michigan.gov.
  • Northern Michigan History. Flying High Since 1911: The Story of Michigan’s State Flag. northernmichiganhistory.com.
  • Smith, Whitney. Flags Through the Ages and Across the World. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975.
  • Michigan Legislature. Michigan Manual: The Great Seal. legislature.mi.gov.

Last reviewed by the Emblema Mundi editorial team on 2026-06-27.

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