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US State

Hawaii — State Seal and Flag


Hawaii’s state emblems are unlike any other in the Union — a living record of the islands’ passage from Polynesian kingdom to American state. The Great Seal, adopted on 21 August 1959 when Hawaii became the 50th state, is derived from the Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Hawai’i, designed by the College of Arms in London in 1842. It features Kamehameha I and the Goddess of Liberty flanking a quartered shield, with a phoenix rising from flames below — symbolizing the transformation from monarchy to democracy. The flag is the only US state flag to incorporate a foreign nation’s flag: the British Union Jack in the canton, a legacy of King Kamehameha I’s friendship with Britain. Its eight stripes of white, red, and blue represent the eight main islands.

Quick Facts

StateHawaii (50th state, admitted 21 August 1959)
State sealQuartered shield, Kamehameha I, Liberty, phoenix
Seal originsRoyal Arms designed by College of Arms, London, 1842; state seal 1959
State flagEight stripes (white-red-blue), Union Jack canton
Flag originsDesigned c. 1816; current form standardized 1845
MottoUa Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono (“The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness”)
CapitalHonolulu
NicknameThe Aloha State
State flowerYellow hibiscus (Hibiscus brackenridgei)
Unique distinctionOnly US state flag with a foreign nation’s flag (Union Jack)
Great Seal of Hawaii — Kamehameha I, Goddess of Liberty, quartered shield, phoenix

Great Seal of HawaiiUa Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono — since 1959

Great Seal of Hawaii

The Hawaii seal is the most heraldically complex of all US state seals, directly descended from the Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Hawai’i.

Heraldic shield

The central shield is quartered. The first and fourth quarters display the stripes of the Hawaiian flag (representing the eight main islands). The second and third quarters show a puloulou (sacred staff) on a yellow field with a green escutcheon bearing a yellow star.

Supporters

On the left stands Kamehameha I, the king who unified the Hawaiian Islands, depicted as in the bronze statue before Aliʻiōlani Hale in Honolulu. On the right stands the Goddess of Liberty, wearing a Phrygian cap and laurel wreath, holding the Hawaiian flag partly unfurled.

The phoenix

Below the shield, a phoenix rises from flames, with wings half yellow and half dark red (traditional Hawaiian royal colors). It symbolizes the transformation from absolute monarchy to democratic government.

Motto

The motto Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono (“The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness”) was first proclaimed by Kamehameha III on 31 July 1843, celebrating the restoration of Hawaiian sovereignty after the Paulet Affair — a five-month British occupation.

From kingdom to state

The Royal Arms were designed by the College of Arms in London in 1842 and officially adopted in 1845. Designer Viggo Jacobsen adapted them into a territorial seal. When Hawaii became the 50th state on 21 August 1959, the seal was updated with “State of Hawaii” and the date “1959.”

Flag of Hawaii — eight stripes of white, red, and blue with British Union Jack in canton

Flag of HawaiiUnion Jack and eight stripes, since 1845

Flag of Hawaii

The Hawaiian flag is the only US state flag to feature the national flag of a foreign country — the British Union Jack in the canton.

Design

Eight horizontal stripes alternate white, red, and blue (white-red-blue-white-red-blue-white-red). The British Union Jack occupies the upper-left canton.

Origins (1793–1816)

In 1793, British explorer Captain George Vancouver gave King Kamehameha I a British flag. Kamehameha flew it over his kingdom, but during the War of 1812, an exclusively British banner became a liability. Around 1816, advised by Captain Alexander Adams, Kamehameha commissioned a new flag that blended British and American influences into something uniquely Hawaiian.

The eight stripes

The eight stripes represent the eight main islands of Hawaii: Hawai’i, Maui, O’ahu, Kaua’i, Moloka’i, Lāna’i, Ni’ihau, and Kaho’olawe.

Standardization (1845)

The current eight-stripe design was officially standardized and first flown on 25 May 1845 at the opening of the legislative council. It has served as the flag of the Kingdom, the Republic, the Territory, and now the State of Hawaii — an unbroken continuity across four forms of government.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is on the Hawaii state seal?

The seal features a quartered heraldic shield with Hawaiian flag stripes and puloulou (sacred staffs). Kamehameha I stands on the left and the Goddess of Liberty on the right. A phoenix rises from flames below. The motto Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono encircles the design. Adopted 21 August 1959.

Why does Hawaii’s flag have the British Union Jack?

Captain George Vancouver gave King Kamehameha I a British flag in 1793, and it was incorporated into the Hawaiian flag around 1816. The Union Jack reflects the historical friendship between the Kingdom of Hawai’i and Britain. Hawaii is the only US state whose flag includes a foreign nation’s flag.

What do the eight stripes on the Hawaii flag represent?

The eight horizontal stripes represent the eight main islands: Hawai’i, Maui, O’ahu, Kaua’i, Moloka’i, Lāna’i, Ni’ihau, and Kaho’olawe.

What does Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ‘Āina i ka Pono mean?

The state motto is Hawaiian for “The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness.” It was first proclaimed by Kamehameha III on 31 July 1843 during a ceremony celebrating the restoration of sovereignty after the British Paulet Affair.

Why is there a phoenix on the Hawaii seal?

The phoenix rising from flames symbolizes Hawaii’s transformation from monarchy to democracy. Its wings are half yellow and half dark red, incorporating traditional Hawaiian royal colors.

Sources & Further Reading

  • Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii. History of the Hawaiʻi Flag. ltgov.hawaii.gov.
  • Images of Old Hawaiʻi. Hawaiian Coat of Arms and Seal. imagesofoldhawaii.com.
  • Kuykendall, Ralph S. The Hawaiian Kingdom. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1938–1967.
  • Smith, Whitney. Flags Through the Ages and Across the World. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975.
  • Hawaii Revised Statutes, § 5-5 (state seal description).

Last reviewed by the Emblema Mundi editorial team on 2026-06-27.

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